Europe faces a dual energy challenge: meeting a projected rise in electricity demand – from ~3,000 TWh today to ~6,800 TWh by 2050 – while managing over 60,000 tonnes of spent nuclear fuel, currently an untapped energy reserve. This roadmap outlines a coordinated effort across Europe, Japan, the USA, and South Korea to close the nuclear fuel cycle using fast breeder reactors (FBRs), unlocking the energy value of spent fuel while drastically reducing radioactive waste. The goal is to achieve 50% of Europe’s electricity from FBRs by 2075, eliminate existing spent fuel stockpiles, and establish nuclear energy as a self-sustaining, dispatchable, and low-carbon backbone of the continent’s power system. No existing or new spent fuel shall be placed in repositories.
Revival of the Closed-Loop Nuclear power system – A Roadmap for a net-zero grid, Erlend Hagen
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